Table of Contents

1 Introduction

1.1 Overview

1.2 Advantages of Wireless Networks

1.2.1 Popularity

1.2.2 Mobility

1.2.3 Ease of Deployment

1.3 First Generation of Mobile Telecommunications (1G)

1.4 Second Generation Mobile Telecommunications (2G)

1.4.1 SIM

1.4.2 Speech Coding

1.4.3 Authentications and Security in GSM networks

1.4.4 WAP (Wireless Applicant Protocol)

1.5 Mobile Telecommunications third generation

1.5.1 Characteristics of 3G Systems

1.5.2 The Evolution of the 3G System

1.5.3 Applications in 3G system

1.5.4 Summary

1.6 Mobile telecommunications 4th generation and Beyond

1.6.1 Target of 4G System

1.6.2 Applications and Services of 4G system

1.6.2.1 Tele Presence

1.6.2.2 Information Access

1.6.2.3 Inter-Machine Communication

1.6.2.4 Intelligent Shopping

1.6.2.5 Location-Based Services

1.6.2.6 Globalization of Products

1.6.2.7 Communicating Appliances

1.6.2.8 Standardization Diversification

1.6.3 Summary

2 Launching a Satellite

2.1 Overview

2.2 Types of Satellites

2.2.1 Weather Satellite

2.2.2 Broadcast Satellite

2.2.3 Communications Satellite

2.2.4 Scientific Satellite

2.2.5 Navigational Satellite

2.2.6 Rescue Satellite

2.2.7 Earth Observation Satellite

2.2.8 Military Satellite

2.2.9 Photography Satellite

2.3 Satellite Communications Characteristics

2.4 Satellite Applications

2.4.1 Wireless Rapid Deployment

2.4.2 Broadcasting

2.4.3 Hostile Environments

2.4.4 Mobility

2.4.5 Voice Telephony

2.4.6 Cellular Systems

2.4.7 World Wide Coverage System

2.4.8 Connectivity for Aircraft Passengers

2.4.9 Global Positioning Systems (GPS)

2.4.10 Internet Access

2.5 Spectrum Issues

2.6 Satellite Systems

2.7 Satellites Orbits

2.7.1 Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites

2.7.1.1 Overview

2.7.1.2 Main Characteristics of LEO Orbits

2.7.2 Medium Earth Orbit (MEO)

2.7.3 Geosynchronous Earth Orbit (GEO)

2.7.3.1 Main characteristics of GEO

2.7.3.2 Properties of GEO

2.7.4 Elliptical Orbits

2.8 VSAT Systems

2.8.1 Elements of VSAT system

2.9 Examples of Satellite-based Mobile Telephony Systems

2.9.1 Iridium

2.9.1.1 Overview

2.9.1.2 Frequency Reuse

2.9.1.3 Gateways

2.9.2 Globalstar

2.9.2.1 Overview

2.9.2.2 Gateways

2.9.2.3 Calling Costs

2.9.2.4 Cost of Satellite Phones

2.9.3 Satellite-based Internet Access

2.9.3.1 Overview

2.9.3.2 Routing Issues

2.9.3.3 Routing in the Asymmetric Architecture

2.9.3.3.1 DT-DVTR

2.9.3.3.2 VN

2.9.3.4 Routing in an Asymmetric System

3 Economics of satellite telecommunications and mobile telecommunications

3.1 Overview

3.2 Benefits of Telecommunications

3.3 The Changing Economics of the Wireless Industry

3.4 Terminal Manufacturers

3.5 Increasing Sales Figures

3.6 Lower Prices

3.7 Increased Competition from Asian Manufacturers

3.8 Role of governments

3.9 Market Opportunities

3.10 Charging in the mobile telecommunication